Territorial dispute
A territorial dispute is a disagreement over the possession/control of land between two or more states, or over the possession/control of land by one state after it has conquered it from a former state no longer currently recognized by the occupying power. These disputes are often related to the possession of natural resources such as rivers, fertile farmland, mineral or oil resources, although the disputes can also be driven by culture, religion and ethnic nationalism. In many cases territorial disputes result from vague and unclear language in a treaty that set up the original boundary. Territorial disputes are a major cause of wars and terrorism, as states often try to assert their real, or imagined, sovereignty over a territory through invasion, and non-state entities try to influence the actions of politicians through terrorism. International law does not support the use force by one state to annex the territory of another state. The UN Charter says: "All Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations." In some causes such as the Aksai Chin, the Taiwan straits, and Kashmir, both sides will define a line of control that serves as a de-facto international border. Although these lines are often clearly demarcated, they do not have the legitimacy of an agreed international boundary. The term occupied territories in general refers to regions distinct from the recognized territory of a sovereign state but which it controls, especially with military forces. Since the latter part of the 20th century, the unqualified term "occupied territories" has come to refer specifically to the West Bank and Gaza strip, whose status is hotly disputed (see occupied Palestinian territories).
Current territorial disputes
Disputes between states that recognize each other
- Aksai Chin: People's Republic of China and India
- Black Hills: United States government and the Lakota Nation
- Ceuta: Spain and Morocco
- Falkland Islands: United Kingdom and Argentina
- Gibraltar: United Kingdom and Spain
- Golan Heights: Syria and Israel
- Hans Island: Canada and Denmark (uncontested prior to 2004)
- Hala'ib Triangle: Egypt and Sudan
- Isla Perejil: Morocco and Spain
- Kashmir: India and Pakistan
- Lower Kurile Islands: Japan and Russia
- Labrador: Newfoundland and Labrador and Quebec
- Liancourt Rocks: Japan, South Korea and North Korea
- Melilla: Spain and Morocco
- Olivenza: Spain and Portugal
- Paracel Islands: Various claimants
- Snake Island: Ukraine and Romania
- Spratly Islands: Various claimants
- Vozrozhdeniya Island (see Aral Sea) : Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan
- Western Guyana: Venezuela claims 2/3 of Guyana's land area
- unknown: Ecuador and Peru
Disputes in which both parties have some territory under control
- Korea: North Korea and South Korea
- Nagorno Karabakh: Armenians and Azerbaijan
- Taiwan and mainland China: People's Republic of China and Republic of China
- Northern Cyprus: Republic of Cyprus and Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
- Western Sahara: Morocco and Polisario
- West Bank and Gaza Strip: Israel and the Palestinians
Disputes between a state and a secessionist group that has territorial control
- Abkhazia: Georgia and the Abkhazian secessionists.
- South Ossetia: Georgia and the South Ossetian secessionists.
- Transnistria: Moldova and the Transnistrian secessionists.
Disputes between a state and a secessionist group with no territorial control
- Chechnya: Russia and elected Chechen government
- South-East Turkey: Republic of Turkey and the Kurdistan Workers Party
Disputes between a state and a group claiming prior statehood
- Papua: Indonesia and the Free Papua Movement
- Xizang&Qinghai/Tibet: People's Republic of China and Government of Tibet in Exile
- Xinjiang/East Turkistan/Uyghuristan: People's Republic of China and various Uyghur groups
See also
Category:Disputed territorieserritorial dispute
Trritorial dispute
Teritorial dispute
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